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Subsidi Masjid 4. Latar belakang Organisasi Pelajar Pondok Pesantren Modern OP3M adalah merupakan suatu wadah bagi seluruh santri untuk berorganisasi dan menampung seluruh daya kreatifitas santri dan untuk dapat membaur dengan masyarakat setelah menyelesaikan pendidikannya di PPM Al- Ikhlas sekaligus sebagai penerus cita —cita perjuangan bangsa dan agama yang handal dan profesional. Sebagaimana biasanya dalam suatu organisasi itu ada program kerja dan ada pula laporan pertanggung jawaban yang menjadi tolak ukur bagi pengurus dalam mengemban tugas pada organisasi tersebut.

Dengan latar belakang masalah tersebut, laporan pertanggugjawaban kami ini di buat karena masa jabatan kami selaku pengurus OP3M Putra telah melaksanakan program kerja yang kami susun satu tahun yang lalu. Laporan pertanggung jawaban ini sebagai evaluasi dari program kerja yang telah kami laksanakan selama ini dan mudah- mudahan menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi pengurus yang akan datang. Landasan a. Hasil musyawarah kerja OP3M pada tanggal 10 Februari d.

Petunjuk dan bimbingan dari dewan Pembina 1. Tujuan a. Sabagai bentuk realisasi dari program kerja yang telah di buat. Sebagai evaluasi dari program kerja yang telah dilaksanakan. Sabagai bahan perbandingan bagi pengurus OP3M yang akan datang. Ketua a. Bertanggungjawab atas segala aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh OP3M b. Mengadakan evaluasi program kerja c. Memberi teguran kepada anggota OP3M apabila melakukan kesalahan d.

Menerima usulan dan saran anggota OP3M e. Menciptakan hubungan yang harmonis antar anggota OP3M 2. Sekretaris a. Membuat dan menjaga kearsipan dokumen OP3M b. Membuat proposal yang akan diajukan untuk membantu kinerja OP3M c. Mengarsipkan surat masuk dan surat keluar d. Membuat struktur pengurus OP3M e. Membukukan program-program yang telah dibuat f.

Membuat jadwal kegiatan tertentu 3. Bendahara a. Mengkoordinir pemasukan dan pengeluaran uang setiap kegiatan b. Menjaga barang-barang inventaris c. Ok, this is so frustrating …. Without installing the prerequisite service pack 1 and 2. Since service pack 1 is no more exists on SAP site. I uninstalled my Crystal Reports XI release 1 developer edition today because I have a problem with an Oracle view and wanted to be sure it was not related to the version of Crystal I was running.

Business Intelligence BusinessObjects. Browse pages. A t tachments 1 Page History. Jira links. Created by Ludek Uher on Jul 24, And more. In this Wiki, I will try to distill all of the above and more. Visual Studio. Service Pack. Although organismic biologists early developed certain ecological concepts and theories about animals in transaction with environment, sociologists developed "human ecology" as a theoretical and research model, applied to the study of human communities.

They have analogous and common concepts and principles such as structure, functioning, development, adaptation, complementarity, exchange which have conceptual and practical validity, and which are generic across systems while avoiding reductionism and reification.

In contrast, ego psychology is concerned with the domain of inner structures and processes of the individual person, though in relation to the environment. Certain concepts of ego psychology correspond to or are parallel to those of general and ecological systems theories, as Germain has usefully demonstrated.

Yet Germain somehow considers these sets of ideas, and thus the three models, as discrete, with different origins, assumptions, and domains, so that she favors maintaining their separateness.

This kind of misunder- standing is further reflected in the artificial distinctions she makes, as in attributing exchange and adaptation concepts to different theory categories.

As a result, there is an avoidance of necessary integrative tasks in identifying analogies and developing a common conceptual language and framework, needed to facilitate practice applications. There are other kinds of misunderstandings and misconceptions as well. Thus systems theory refers to a cognitive construction of reality, involving a selection of some area of reality for understanding and operation, including in some cases, for redefinition.

Many concepts, such as a client or situation, are "holons" in the sense that, conceptually, such system elements may be both a component "part" of a suprasystem and a "whole" suprasystem for its own components, at the same time. Although Meyer and Germain have provided important and helpful explications of ecological theory, and discussed or presented discussions by others of its practice applications, neither have yet presented systematic assessment or intervention schemes.

There is a lack of recognition of how we distinguish be- tween and utilize behavior and practice theories, or between develop- mental, structural-process, and conflict models, based on ecological theory. The persistently abstract level of explication at which eco- logical theory is so often presented maintains it at a metaphorical, non-empirical level, and has a quality of grandiose rhetoric. In addition, there is a continued adherence to inappropriate medical models of social problems and social functioning, with inhibiting effects on the needed development of ecological theory and methods.

Thus there is a renewed effort to revive and to espouse epidemiological and public health concepts as primary models for social work research and practice. Also, social change considerations, particularly in regard to social structural reform, get short shrift. The focus of concern remains upon the individual, as disease host, carrier, or victim.

Still further, there is an aspect of cultism about the major presenta- tions and discussions of ecological theory. Thus, most of the publi- cations concerning this orientation have come from a close-knit coterie.

A doctrinal sect atmosphere is indicated in the lack of regard for -outsiders who have contributed to an ecological systems orientation for social work practice. For example, Germain's "life model" of treatment, which is a direct-service application of ecological system theory , could profit from some integration with similar models developed by Oxley and Strean.

It may repeat the cultism that was characteristic of the psychoanalytic and behaviorist schools of thought in social work's historical development. There also are limitations and dangers to be noted. Yet the advantages are substantial and definite, and we deal with these first. The ecological systems approach has enabled us to gain a larger perspec- tive, a more unitary and comprehensive unit of attention, for a holistic and dynamic understanding of people and the socio-cultural-physical milieu.

We can apprehend common properties of subsystems, and common behavior principles. We understand more clearly, for example, how the dysfunctional behavior of a child can help maintain the pathological balance of a family system. Such a perspective avoids blaming the victim, and places responsibility on systemic relationships, rather than upon any evil motives of men. The ecological model is, like general systems theory, a "metatheory," an "overarching global theory which embraces several limited theories.

Having such attributes and capable of parsimonious and generic use with many types of systems, the ecological model provides a common core of knowledge, attitudes and skills, a basic perspective and helping approach for the social work profession as a whole. Upon this base, social work has developed a variety of specialized helping approaches: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, interactional, humanistic-existen- tialist, social provision-radical, and problem-solving.

Such an orientation encourages the social worker to be theoretically and technically eclectic, in the best sense of the term. Thus, we now see emerging new syntheses of practice models, new fornulations of practice rnethods, Notwithstanding the above aspects of current ecological theory develop- principles, and operational procedures.

A new practice principle, for example, is to respect the worth and integrity of the ecology. There irnprove transactional patterns that are rnaladaptive. As we ioted, a also are linitations and dangers to be noted. Yet the advantages are fundanental behavior principle is that optinal system functioning re- substantial and definite, and we deal with these first. Significant advances have been riade in theory and operational procedures The ecological nodel general systems theory, a t'metatheory,r' for understanding and dealing with environmental-situational subsysterns.

Socio-behavioral therapy in social work expresses a and interrelated, using the sarne concepts and variables, as they apply systems orientation in its assurnption that changing the behavior of a for different subsystems, whether this be an individual and situation, person requires situational change in the contingency reinforcement or a conmunity and rnilieu.

Sti1l further, we are learning how to goal-achievernent needs of different systems. Having such attributes and transforrn aspects of nacrostructures of sociocultural institutions - of capable of parsimonious and generic use with many types of systems, the complex service organizations and systems - into the immediate, cogni- ecological model provides a corunon core of knowledge, attitudes and zable forms of social situations that are amenable to influence and ski1ls, a basic perspective and helping approach for the social work i.

Thus, institutional policies and programs, organiza- profession as a whole. Upon this base, parents and children, as individuals and as fanily-conrnunity nernbers. It enables the identi.

This neans to their relationships. The strengths and weaknesses involved in the internal take and test the best of the various schools of therapy, adninistration, structures and operating processes of subsystems also becone evident.

A person's directional tendencies - of motivation, needs, goals, and expectations - may be unrealistically high or low in relation to internal capacities and resources; these may be impaired or undeveloped. Social situational demands upon a group's capacities may be too stressful in being over- or under-demanding, or conflicting; external resources, opportunities and supports in a milieu may be inaccessible, lacking, or inadequate.

Systemic linkages between an organi zation and a community may be weak and defined in negative and unrealistic terms. Such discrepancies and inconsistencies are signified by tension, strain, conflict, and other maladaptive behavioral symptoms of dys funct ioning and disorganization.

This model also is directly useful as a treatment planning instrument. It enables an identification of actions to be taken to alter systemic attributes and the nature of inter-systemic relationships, in order to establish an optimal goodness of fit between person and situation, or between the client system and its milieu. This means altering direct- ionaltendencies, such as perception, decision-making, role performance; and external linkages, such as definitions of one's life situation.

One then can choose from alternative objectives, levels, strategies, and tac- tics of intervention to formulate an interventive plan. Because an ecological approach to intervention is multi-factorial and is addressed to systemic attributes and intersystem relationships, social workers have been encouraged to develop and utilize a strong and varied repertoire of assessment instruments and helping interventions. Ile now make use of a wide range of strategies, roles, and techniques, through which to work with a person, a family, a work situation, a neighborhood organization, a welfare service system.

We are less apt now to select cases or program tasks, or to define problems, so as to suit narrow methods or techniques. It is in accord with the requirements of an ecological systems model of practice that new forms of service and manpower patterns have appeared. Comprehensive, systemic approaches to programs and cases need social work and inter-disciplinary teams with many different kinds of knowledge and skills. As Carol Meyer has pointed out, "A systems perspective per- mits the argument that imaginative use and deployment of manpower teams The framework makes possible imaginative uses of all levels of manpower There also is an increas- ing emphasis on an enriched use of volunteers, and on the development of, and assistance to, self-help and natural support groups.

Systems analysts assume that all systems are similar, but actually there are important differences between a person and a work organization, between the design of aerospace hardware and of a social service pro- gram, between mediating a national labor dispute and a marital conflict. As Robert Leighninger observes, systems theorists "do not have a ter- ribly impressive track record," considering such examples as the War in Vietnam, or the Pentagon's cost-benefit planning for military equipment.

We can note here a tendency on the part of systems theorists to over- estimate the rationality of human beings and particularly of decision- making and problem-solving in organizational behavior. Thus, there is an effort to impose an unrealistic kind of rational image upon organiza- tional life. There is increasing evidence that our communities and our bureaucracies, including the universities and the military services, actually are "organized anarchies. The pretense to rational administration is associated with a use of systems models, particularly in industry, that has operated to exacer- bate certain establishment tendencies.

One pernicious trend has been the increase in bureaucratic, centralized control, with power placed in the hands of "systems-experts" rather than managers, with escalated costs due to overstaffing of non-productive personnel and to reams of paperwork. Another difficulty posed by the systems model is the assumption that systemic components are so interdependent that impactful intervention at some crucial point should affect other' elements,. We do not have many more points of entry and levels of intervention into systems, with individuals, dyads, families, groups, organizations, communities, etc.

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